Location of ADAM33 Proteins
ADAM33Proteins are ubiquitous in all tissues, except the
liver. The highest levels of expression are found in the placenta, lungs,
spleen, and veins. [2] ADAM33 has also been detected at the protein level in the testis,
uterus, and the epithelium.[1]. The ADAM33 gene has been found to be expressed in lung fibroblasts, and bronchial smooth muscle, but not in bronchial epithelial cells [4]
The bronchial and lung epithelium comprises of a large surface between host and environment and is attacked as a primary target during lung infection. [3] The epithelium in the lung acts as a mechanical barrier, and recent evidence suggests it functions as an important sentinel system against pathogens. [3]. The epithelium is equipped with transmembranous and cytosolic pathogen-sensing pattern receptors that detect invading pathogens. The signaling results in epithelial cell activation, which participates in initiation and orchestration of the subsequent innate and adaptive immune response. [3]
On the cellular level, Adam 33 is a single-pass type 1 membrane protein that spans the membrane once. The N-terminus is on the extracellular side of the membrane.
The bronchial and lung epithelium comprises of a large surface between host and environment and is attacked as a primary target during lung infection. [3] The epithelium in the lung acts as a mechanical barrier, and recent evidence suggests it functions as an important sentinel system against pathogens. [3]. The epithelium is equipped with transmembranous and cytosolic pathogen-sensing pattern receptors that detect invading pathogens. The signaling results in epithelial cell activation, which participates in initiation and orchestration of the subsequent innate and adaptive immune response. [3]
On the cellular level, Adam 33 is a single-pass type 1 membrane protein that spans the membrane once. The N-terminus is on the extracellular side of the membrane.
References:
- Protein Data Bank Japan: http://service.pdbj.org/mine/Detail?PDBID=1R55&PAGEID=Summary
- Yoshinaka T., Nishii K., Yamada K., Sawada H., Nishiwaki E., Smith K., Yoshino K., Ishiguro H., Higashiyama S. Identification and characterization of novel mouse and human ADAM33s with potential metalloprotease activity." Gene 282:227-236(2002)
- Hippenstiel S. , Opitz B. , Schmeck B. , Suttorp N. Lung epithelium as a sentinel and effector system in pneumonia – molecular mechanisms of pathogen recognition and signal transduction. Respiratory Research 2006, 7:97
- Eerdeqegh P., Little R. , et al. Association of the ADAM33 gene with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Nature. 2002 Jul 25;418(6896):383-4.
